Optimizing Prenatal and Neonatal Care for Infants With Treatable Rare Diseases

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Unraveling the Genetic Mystery Behind a Rare Pediatric Disease

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New National “Vital Signs” to Measure Population-wide Pediatric Health

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Sickle Cell Disease: Global Disparities in Prevalance and Outcomes
 Sickle Cell Disease: Global Disparities in Prevalance and Outcomes 150 150 Abbie Miller
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Unique challenges exist for people with sickle cell disease depending on where they live. An estimated 300,000 to 500,000 babies worldwide are born with sickle cell disease (SCD) each year. In Africa and India, where SCD is most prevalent, newborn testing is not performed,…

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Marijuana Exposure in Young Children
 Marijuana Exposure in Young Children 150 150 Kevin Mayhood
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Researchers call for states to enact controls protecting all minors. When states legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use, the number of children younger than 6 exposed to the drug spikes that year and continues to rise annually, researchers at Nationwide Children’s Hospital report.…

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Suicides Rising Among Young Black Children, Rural Adolescents
 Suicides Rising Among Young Black Children, Rural Adolescents 150 150 Kevin Mayhood
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Researchers are parsing data for trends and intervention targets. Researchers in central Ohio are gaining surprising insights they hope will lead to fewer children and adolescents committing suicide. While the suicide rate among white children 5 to 11 years old has declined since 1993,…

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Hidden Victims
 Hidden Victims 150 150 Dave Ghose
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Pediatricians acknowledge the emerging public health challenge of child commercial sexual exploitation. Public health officials no longer think that human trafficking is just a problem in the developing world. Increasing awareness has focused attention on the exploitation of children in the United States, showing…

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Severely Obese by Kindergarten: What’s a Doctor to Do?
 Severely Obese by Kindergarten: What’s a Doctor to Do? 150 150 Tiasha Letostak, PhD
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The numbers of children and adolescents with severe obesity have continued to rise in the past 30 years, but only a few centers provide evidence-based care for severe childhood obesity. Childhood obesity affects 17 percent of children in the United States, and nearly one-third…

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Methadone Weaning: The Role of the Pharmacist
 Methadone Weaning: The Role of the Pharmacist 150 150 Abbie Miller
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Pharmacist-led methadone tapers are improving outcomes and reducing practice variation in pediatric intensive care units. In neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, opioid use is necessary for controlling pain and as an adjunct to sedation during mechanical ventilation. However, after as few as five…

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An Ethical Discussion of Parental Care Preference
 An Ethical Discussion of Parental Care Preference 150 150 Jan Arthur
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Two infants with the same prognosis have parents with different preferences in terms of care. What should the medical team do? The article, “Two Infants, Same Prognosis, Different Parental Preferences,” published in the May 2015 issue of Pediatrics, presents a challenging ethical dilemma that brings…

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Visualizing Gene Therapy for SMA
 Visualizing Gene Therapy for SMA 150 150 Abbie Miller
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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a degenerative neuromuscular disease, is the most common genetic cause of death for infants. Virtually all children affected with SMA type 1 die by 2 years of age. In 2014, Jerry Mendell, MD, director of the Center for Gene Therapy in the Research Institute…

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Study Links Acute Infections With Later Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
 Study Links Acute Infections With Later Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders 150 150 Jeb Phillips
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Link between acute infection in preschoolers and development of FGIDs in school-aged children could point toward interventions. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are among the most common pediatric health conditions and often first appear in school-aged children. Acute diarrhea, also very common, often first manifests…

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Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping May Benefit Some High-Risk Newborns
 Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping May Benefit Some High-Risk Newborns 150 150 Jeb Phillips
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Recent studies show the practice can offer circulatory advantages for infants born extremely preterm or with critical congenital heart disease. The practice of immediate or early umbilical cord clamping after birth has been the norm since research in the 1950s and 1960s showed that…

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Taking a Closer Look at the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
 Taking a Closer Look at the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease 1024 575 Tiasha Letostak, PhD
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A new study reveals surprising results regarding vascular stiffness of coronary microvessels in the presence of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition that affects the glucose metabolism as a result of insulin resistance. Patients with T2DM are two to four…

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Become a Myth Buster: Use Evidence-Based Medicine to Change Clinical Care
 Become a Myth Buster: Use Evidence-Based Medicine to Change Clinical Care 150 150 David Stukus, MD
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Medical myths abound, even among good doctors. How are medical myths perpetuated and how can they be stopped? When was the last time you took a step back and questioned your medical decision making? Why did you decide to prescribe that treatment at that…

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Helping the Child by Helping the Mom
 Helping the Child by Helping the Mom 150 150 Dave Ghose
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Pediatricians can help babies by doing a better job screening new mothers for postpartum depression. Up to 20 percent of new mothers experience postpartum depression, but studies show that nearly half go undiagnosed. If pediatricians were to play a greater role in identifying mothers…

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Planning, Teamwork and Technology Essential to Conjoined Twins’ Separation
 Planning, Teamwork and Technology Essential to Conjoined Twins’ Separation 150 150 Abbie Miller
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In a meticulously planned 16-hour operation, a 30-person team from four specialties successfully separated 11-month-old twins conjoined at the buttocks and lower spine. Specialists from General Pediatric Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Neurosurgery and Colorectal Surgery worked together to plan and execute a successful separation of…

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Stress Dose Hydrocortisone Effects on Neurodevelopment for Extremely Low Birthweight Infants
 Stress Dose Hydrocortisone Effects on Neurodevelopment for Extremely Low Birthweight Infants 150 150 Abbie Miller
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First placebo-controlled study on stress dose hydrocortisone and neurodevelopment shows that higher doses of hydrocortisone are not associated with brain injury or neurodevelopmental impairments, but may not be effective in reducing risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Hydrocortisone is one of the 15 most frequently prescribed…

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Treating Sickle Cell Disease in the United States
 Treating Sickle Cell Disease in the United States 1024 575 Abbie Miller
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While people with sickle cell disease have better outcomes in the United States and other Western countries, progress in treating the disease has been slow moving. Sickle cell disease is marked by painful sickle cell crises, in which sickle-shaped cells get distorted in the…

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Challenges of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer
 Challenges of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer 150 150 Anthony Audino, MD
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Among the unique challenges of AYA cancer, anxiety often increases after treatments are completed as the patient reintegrates back into “normal life.” The definition of the adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patient has evolved over time, but it is now formally defined as…

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Understanding Genetic Predisposition to Cancer
 Understanding Genetic Predisposition to Cancer 1024 683 Susan Colasce, MD and Elizabeth Varga
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When should families who have children with cancer be concerned about inherited cancer predisposition? One of the most common questions parents ask when their child is diagnosed with cancer is, “Does this put my other children at higher risk for developing cancer as well?”…

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Psychological Strategies for Pediatric Weight Management
 Psychological Strategies for Pediatric Weight Management 150 150 Tyanna Snider, Psy.D
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Motivational interviewing, having developmentally appropriate expectations, and behavioral strategies are among the tools needed to support pediatric weight management. Almost everyone has tried to stop a bad habit or change a negative behavior – it’s hard! Think about all the New Year’s resolutions you’ve…

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Making Progress: Advances in Life-Long Care for ACHD
 Making Progress: Advances in Life-Long Care for ACHD 150 150 Abbie Miller
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With adults comprising two-thirds of the CHD population, the AHA has released a scientific statement outlining the needs of this growing demographic. The need for a life-long approach to cardiac care for patients with congenital heart disease is a crusade that has been long…

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